VENEZUELAS ECONOMY AS A WHOLE Essays - Venezuela,

VENEZUELA'S ECONOMY AS A WHOLE ECONOMY Venezuela is rich in oil and other mineral resources. Its per capita income is about average for Latin America. The country's public external debt (excluding the obligations of the central bank and PDVSA, the parastatal oil company) stood at approximately $26.5 billion in 1996. The economy grew by 4.5% in real terms in 1997. Consumer prices rose only 37.6% in 1997 compared to the record 103% of 1996. The government is hoping for inflation of 24% during 1998. The Venezuelan economy is making a comeback under the Agenda Venezuela, propelled primarily by the opening of the petroleum sector to foreign investment (the apertura), a far-reaching privatization program, and plans to reform public sector operations. Oil prices have shown a continual decline since 1996, which is serving to erode the budgetary surplus from 4.5% in 1996 to an estimated 1.5% in 1997. In July 1996, the Venezuelan Government and the IMF formally announced a $1.4 billion stand-by loan. The World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank are also contributing to efforts to promote fundamental structural reforms--in the judiciary, electoral system, and social security/severance pay programs. Petroleum and Other Resources Venezuela's economy is dominated by petroleum, and the country is a founding member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). In 1997, this sector accounted for more than one-quarter of GDP, almost three-quarters of export earnings, and almost half of central government's revenues. Most of Venezuela's energy exports consist of crude oil, but the country is also the United States' leading foreign source of refined petroleum products. The Government of Venezuela has opened up much of the hydrocarbon sector to foreign investment, promoting the establishment of massive new petrochemical joint ventures and reactivation of inactive fields. The Venezuelan petroleum corporation and foreign oil companies signed eight contracts for exploration and production joint ventures in July 1996. These contracts are expected to generate over $15 billion in foreign investment. A range of other natural resources, including iron ore, diamonds, coal, bauxite, hydroelectric power, gold, and nickel are in various stages of development. In 1996, CVG, the state-owned mining firm, announced its first joint venture with a foreign company to develop the Las Cristinas gold mine. Congress is also considering legislation which would update Venezuela's 1945 mining law in an effort to encourage greater private sector participation in mineral extraction. Manufacturing, Agriculture, and Trade Manufacturing contributed 15.6% of GDP in 1997. The manufacturing sector grew slightly (2.2%) in direct contrast with the contraction in 1996. Venezuela manufactures and exports steel, aluminum, textiles, apparel, beverages, and foodstuffs. It also produces cement, tires, paper, and fertilizers, and assembles cars for both the domestic and export market. The Agenda Venezuela envisions the privatization of a range of state-owned enterprises, including banks. Agriculture accounts for 4% of GDP, 12% of the labor force, and 24% of Venezuela's land area. Venezuela exports beef, rice, coffee, and cocoa. However, the country is not self-sufficient in most areas of agricultural production and imports about 60% of food consumed. In 1996, U.S. firms exported approximately $475 million of agricultural products including wheat, soybeans, corn, soymeal, and cotton to Venezuela, our third-largest agricultural export market in Latin America. The U.S. usually accounts for slightly more than a third of Venezuela's food imports. Thanks to petroleum exports, Venezuela usually posts a trade surplus. In recent years, non-traditional (i.e. non-petroleum) exports have been growing rapidly but still constitute only about one-fourth of total exports. The United States is Venezuela's leading trade partner. During the first 10 months of 1997, the United States registered $3.0 billion in exports (about 38% of Venezuela's total) and purchased $12.9 billion in imports (about 55% of Venezuela's total). Venezuela's trade with other Andean Pact members, particularly Colombia, is growing in importance. Labor and Infrastructure Venezuela's labor force of about 8.8 million is growing faster than total employment. At the end of 1997, official unemployment was 12.8%, but unofficial estimates are higher. The public sector employs 14% of the work force, while less than 1% work in the capital-intensive oil industry. About 25% of the labor force is unionized. Unions are particularly strong in the public sector. Venezuela has an extensive road system. With the exception of air service, transportation and communications have failed to keep pace with the country's needs. Much of the infrastructure suffers from inadequate maintenance.

Butterflies Are Free, a Full-Length Play

Butterflies Are Free, a Full-Length Play Don Baker and Jill Tanner have adjoining apartments in a lower income section of New York City in the late 1960s. Don is in his early 20s and Jill is 19 years old. The play opens with Don moving around his meticulously kept apartment while talking on the phone with his mother. Jill is watching TV loudly in her place. Since the walls are paper-thin, the two neighbors talk to each other in their separate dwellings before Jill finally invites herself over. She is a flighty, commitment-phobe, who has recently moved to New York to attempt a career as an actress. Some keys to her personality include her escape from her life in California, her constant search for food to munch on, and a six-day marriage when she was just 16 years old. (Read an online copy of the monologue in which Jill describes the circumstances of her startlingly short marriage.) Don has lived a sheltered life and his move to New York for two months is a deal he has struck with his mother to prove to himself and to her that he is self-sufficient and can live on his own. The reason he has never lived apart from his mother is that Don is blind. He is only beginning to discover who he is and what he might like to do with his life. The two neighbors quickly fall for each other. At the end of the first act, they have climbed into his bed and begun an affair. Jill is as fascinated with Don’s life as Don is with her. The two seem to balance each other out and make a good match. But before Don and Jill have had a chance to put their clothes back on, again in walks Don’s mother who just happened to be in the neighborhood after a shopping trip to Saks Fifth Avenue (30-some blocks away). She is less than pleased with what she has found. Mrs. Baker is understandably protective of her son and sees Jill as a ship passing in the night. She dislikes the girl and after Don leaves to get food from a deli, she explains to the 19-year-old what a life with Don entails. To the flighty and erratic young girl, the picture Mrs. Baker paints sounds more like a prison than a life. Jill decides to take Mrs. Baker’s advice and proceeds to fall into the arms of a director at her next audition. The play climaxes with Don and Jill fighting about the glaring personality flaws they see in one another and Don dealing with feeling doomed to move back in with his mother. Jill leaves him in a furious state and Don frantically moves around his apartment until he becomes disoriented, trips over his furniture and falls on the floor. Jill comes to investigate and regrets their fight. The play ends with a slight hope for their relationship. Production Details The production notes for Butterflies are Free are as specific and meticulous as the apartment of a man who is blind would need to be. The script, available from Samuel French, includes a detailed floor plan for the set as well as a four-page prop list. Lighting and costume needs are minimal, but the set pieces are described in detail by the characters within their dialogue and therefore need to be constructed accordingly. The two most important items are Don’s lofted bed over the door to his bathroom and a bathtub/dining table. Both are described in the dialogue and the production notes. Cast Size:  This play can accommodate 4 actors.Male Characters:  2Female Characters:  2 Roles Don Baker  is a young  blind man. He is in his 20s and excited to be living on his own for the first time in his life. He is appreciative of his protective mother but is ready to experience a less sheltered life. He quickly falls for his exciting and independent neighbor, but he is naà ¯ve in his expectations for their relationship. Jill Tanner  is young enough and pretty enough that she can afford to be reckless in her decisions and relationships. She is fascinated by and attracted to Don. There is real chemistry between them, but her flighty nature rebels against the idea that Don could tie her down to a life she is ill-equipped to lead. Mrs. Baker  is Don’s overbearing but well-meaning mother. She does not approve of him moving away from home to New York. It is as  big a step for her to let her son live independently as it is for Don to actually be living on his own. She is abrupt and controlling, but ultimately this is because she has her son’s best interests at heart. Ralph Austin  is the director of Jill’s new show. He is more than thrilled to have the amorous attentions of the pretty young girl. He is excited to meet Don after everything Jill has told him about Don’s life. Ralph is unaware of the effect his words and presence have on everyone in the apartment when he shows up late at night with Jill. Content Issues:  Sexual talk and relationships, limited clothing, language Music The song that Don writes that serves as the title of the show. â€Å"Butterflies are Free,† is under copyright by Sunbury Music, Inc. There is  a video that contains an excerpt of the song from the movie  and  Samuelfrench.com  offers the sheet music. Productions Butterflies Are Free  debuted in 1969 at the Booth Theater in New York City.Goldie Hawn and Edward Albert starred in the  1972 film production of Butterflies Are Free.Production Rights for Butterflies Are Free  are held by  Samuel French, Inc.You can read  portions of the script on Google books.

Argumentative Essay - Being Awkward Sucks Laughter, Joke, Pet Shop Bo

Growing up in a large strict family that limited outside interaction when I was growing up has in turn made me fairly introverted and awkward. I do not do well in social situations and try to avoid them at all costs. See unlike most people, who can strike up a cordial conversation about sports, business, or common interests with people they have just been introduced to; I on the other hand, turn to jokes and sarcasm to break the ice. Sometimes it is well received and I am dubbed â€Å"the funny one† other times it leads to nervous laughter and â€Å"what the hell† looks from everyone. It’s like Russian roulette every time I enter a new situation with a few sarcastic ice breaker comments in the chamber. Take for example, my cousin had a certain type of party that has become pretty common now-a-days. I won’t drop any names but it entails certain battery operated devices commonly used in a romantic nature. A party like this is awkward enough as it is. So let’s take that and layer in my a bunch of people whom I have never met before and for fun, let’s talk about which vibrato...

Ch7 - reflectional journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ch7 - reflectional journal - Essay Example The advantages of questioning in learning show that questions trigger divergent thinking, encourage reflection, build inward understanding, promote factual knowledge, and nurture convergent thinking. When questioning, teachers should consider the structure of questioning so that they can balance the appropriateness of the questions in the teaching and learning process. Teacher responses influence effective learning process and are vital because the teacher must consider the answers given by the learners in an encouraging way so that the learner can feel motivated. Additionally, the teacher should respond in an extensive way whereby he/she expands the student’s answer for better understanding of the content being asked. Expansion of a student’s response encourages and motivates the learner in the sense that the learner attains a sense of appreciation and within the right path to getting the right answer. Finally, the teacher should also probe when answering to leaners questions; this is whereby the teacher questions further the answers given by the learner. This method tests whether the learner has understood the concept being learned. In summation, the author points that teachers should adopt an appropriate way of questioning and answering during the teaching and learning process so that the objectives of the lesson are outstandingly met making the teaching effective. In summation, the author points that teachers should adopt an appropriate way of questioning and answering during the teaching and learning process so that the objectives of the lesson are outstandingly met making the teaching

Epidemiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Epidemiology - Essay Example This entails food safety to ensure monitoring of food to avoid causing foodborne diseases. Therefore, the research question is â€Å"what can consumers do to protect themselves from foodborne illness. The study is purely cross-sectional and investigates the control measures used to enhance prevention of foodborne illness among the consumers. First the study identifies the community, who are the consumers. Some of the basic steps towards prevention of foodborne illness include buy of foodstuffs from reputable sources to enhance any follow-up in case of an emergency. The consumer should ask the supplier of the standards they normally impose to ensure food safety (Lindell & David, 2001). The consumer must choose foodstuff that is wholesome and appears fresh. Any unfamiliar color or odor causes for alarm, and any produce with excessive soil or dust on edible portions must be avoided. The foodstuff should be stored in dry and cool place, and the consumer should follow all directions for use. Washing of hands should be exercised before preparation of any food. All produce must be washed in a clean colander or sink under running water. The cutting boards should be washed in warm water, and any raw produce like fruits should not be chopped in a board used for poultry or raw meat (Lindell & David, 2001). The cross-sectional design involves the collection of data at a definite time to assess the prevalence of chronic or acute conditions. The study involves the collection of special data like the questions about past, and they rely on the originally collected data (Lindell & David, 2001). The design is relatively easy and quick to conduct, and the collection of data on all variables happens at once. This is because the design involves observing the entire population. The method is applicable where the prevalence can be measured for all the factors investigated. Also, multiple outcomes can be studied. The prevalence of any health related characteristics or

Memorandum for new model to FQHC Service Plan Essay Example for Free

Memorandum for new model to FQHC Service Plan Essay It is to propose a new service channel to the existing service model of FQHC which is currently doing community development activities in the nation. Recently we found that the local community does not have any drug rehabilitation center even though most of the men and women wanted to change their lifestyle. The alcohol consumption rate in adults is very high and is affecting the family lives and the development of the children. The income earning rate has reduced drastically during the past 3 years and work place absenteeism has increased. Family conflicts have increased and child crime levels are also showing up due to the lack of family discipline and reduced family income levels. The adult crime rate and workplace unrest has roused to beyond normal levels and the local police control is become inadequate during some instances. So the local community elders have decided to establish an alcoholic rehabilitation centers to bring reformation in the lives of the community people. The community elders wanted to cooperate the establishment by giving vacant land and building on lease for a period of 5 years to use them as drug de addiction centers. The community intends to have a paramedical clinic to facilitate the medical interaction to the community. Also the community requests that awareness camps on alcohol consumption risks and the hope for rehabilitation should be promoted more in the community to bring them out of addiction. In this regard, as a health consultant, it is proposed that FQHC should take the initiative and readiness on the community awareness programs. As the local community centers have the inability of establishing the Paramedical clinic for the drug rehabilitation due to the lack of know how and the lack of support staff and the lack of financial supplies. And it is identified that community needs technical and financial cooperation of FQHC to bring the functional program of alcoholic rehabilitation to the community, it is proposed that FQHC should invest initially in establishing the centers, where in it can draw funds gradually. And FQHC should validate the local community centers about their Stand of Capability to carry on the proposed program, conducting the free campaign for the general check up in the rural areas, conducting campaigns regarding the awareness. Through this FQHC can encourage the community initiative to bring the vulnerable drug addicts out of the addiction, by giving them a hope in life. As the local community centers exercise good established connections and rapo with the public, media and facilities they can employ to the best output of the program. The local communities can conduct training and awareness programs and can monitor the medical camps and the clinic and can report the FQHC on the program progress from time to time. Owing to the fact that FQHC, several health programs funded under the Health Center Consolidation Act, we request you to give the opportunity to serve the community by joining hands with you. References: FQHC Frequently Asked Questions, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. raconline. org/info_guides/clinics/fqhcfaq. php#certification DRUG DE-ADDICTION PROGRAMME, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. mohfw. nic. in/kk/95/ia/95ia0j01. htm Drug treatment and rehabilitation services, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. spym. org/drugprojects. htm George Kaplan, Health Status Disparities in the United States, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. wilsoncenter. org/events/docs/Kaplan1. pdf Drug Rehab Programs, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. drug-rehabs. com/ Michael G. Boyle Thomas P. Murphy, Guidelines for Linking Addiction Treatment with Primary Healthcare Developed for the Behavioral Health Recovery Management Project, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. bhrm. org/guidelines/BHRM%20Primary%20Care%20Integration. pdf Drug treatment and rehabilitation services, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. spym. org/drugprojects. htm How to Write Memos, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://elc. polyu. edu. hk/CiLL/eiw/memos. htm

Juvenile Stats On Crime :: essays research papers

40% of all residential burglary charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- up from 9% in 1996. 28% of all non-residential burglary charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- up from 5% in 1996. 29% of all Residential Entry charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- up from 18% in 1996. 19% of all Theft charges and 18% of all Receiving Stolen Property charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- down from 22% (Theft) and up from 6% (Receiving) in 1996. 18% of all Auto Theft charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- up from 6% in 1996. 16% of all Criminal Conversion charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles. 37% of all Child Molesting charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles. 25% of all Handgun Violation charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles. 12% of all Marijuana Possession charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Secure Detention Costs The per diem costs to Morgan County of placing juvenile delinquent offenders in the Johnson County Juvenile Detention Facility decreased in 1997, as compared to 1996. According to the weekly detention statistics maintained by the Morgan Superior Court No. 2, the total costs of secure detention of juvenile delinquent offenders in 1997 was approximately $179,900.00 (average cost: $3459.00 per week). By comparison, the total costs of secure detention of juvenile delinquent offenders in 1996 was approximately $214,686.00 (average cost: $4128.00 per week). Juvenile Probation Supervision Stats As of January 1, 1997, 154 juvenile delinquency cases were under supervision by the Juvenile Probation officers of Morgan County. During 1997, 302 new probation cases were referred to probation supervision; of that total, 164 Delinquents and Status offenders were placed under formal probation supervision, and 125 Delinquents and Status offenders were placed under informal probation adjustment and supervision. Also during 1997, 246 probation cases were completed and closed. As of December 31, 1997, 210 juvenile delinquency cases were open and under supervision by the Juvenile Probation officers. Here is a table summarizing Juvenile Delinquency Probation Cases supervisions for 1997: Total Supervisions Pending on 1/1/97 154 Total Supervisions Opened during 1997 302 Formal Probation - Delinquents 101 Formal Probation - Status Delinquents 63 Informal Adjustment - Delinquents 54 Informal Adjustment - Status Delinquents 71 Transfers in: Intra/Inter State 2 Supervisions Completed/Closed during 1997 246 Supervisions Pending on 12/31/97 210 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Waiver of Jurisdiction in Juvenile Delinquency Cases to Adult Court

Audience Adaptation Paper

Taylor Cook COMM 101- Fundamentals of Public Speaking Audience Adaptation Paper February 18, 2013 In the TED video that I watched, the subject was about â€Å"Body Language† and was twenty-one minutes and three seconds long, but the speaker stopped officially talking at twenty minutes and fifty-four seconds into the video. The speaker, Amy Cuddy, had very interesting points about how a person’s power pose, powerful/ prideful or curled into a ball and timid, can influence themselves on how they think and feel about themselves. She also made the point that our bodies change our minds and that power posing for a few minutes really change your life in a meaningful way. Throughout the video I was a little unimpressed with her delivery on the subject. She did not seem to â€Å"do as she preached. † Her personal appearance was fine. She was dressed in all black except for her undershirt was teal which made her fade into the background except for her pop of color. She also hunched quite a bit and did not stand as properly or formally as other public speakers I have seen. Her body language was okay. When she showed what a power pose was, which was supposed to look like Wonder Woman, she did it not very convincingly and looked better and more â€Å"at home† doing a shy and timid pose. She did do a lot of walking up and down the stage to keep an eye on her audience and to keep them paying attention to her. This did work because when they would put the camera out to the audience, they were all intently in tune with what she was saying. Throughout the speech I did not feel much of a volume change until the end when she had gotten emotional with a story she chose to tell about herself and later on a student much like herself. This volume change is of course not a good one because you should not ever pick something to talk about that creates reoccurring feelings. This could make you really hard to understand through the crying or you could not be able to finish through your weeping. Her rate of speech was never too fast, but at points was really slow due to trying to find the right words to say to her audience. She kept saying â€Å"um† quite often and stumbled over what she was trying to say next. After the first ten minutes, she had said the word â€Å"um† over fifteen times. After the ten minutes, I quite focusing my attention on that and tried to focus on her main points and ideas about our body language. As Amy Cuddy’s speech progressed, she did not pause as much as she did in the first half of her speech. The best segment when she was truly flowing was when she started to talk about lab research she had done to prove her point that higher powered people are twenty-seven percent more likely to gamble than low powered people. They also have a twenty percent increase of testosterone than low powered people. High powered people had a twenty-five percent decrease in Cortisol, while low powered people had a fifteen percent increase. She seemed really happy with her proven results and it showed the way she spoke. Her language was very proper and articulate, except for her â€Å"um’s† of course. She did very well at pronunciating each thing she said. She did not have any dialect, so she was really easy to understand. While speaking, the only gestures she seemed to make were with her hands. She would either point to the screen behind her to show her research or notes or fiddled with her hands in front of herself. She rarely used anything else than her hands to symbol anything or to point something out. From the very beginning her eye contact was spot on with the audience. She opened with a camera on the audience to see how everyone was sitting. When she started to point out what she saw, the entire audience began to realize they were being analyzed. Everyone sat up straight and fixed their overall appearances. Overall her presentation was not terrible, but it was not perfect either. Her aids throughout are what I believe made the presentation a somewhat success. Her notes, questions, and graphs on her slides for the audience not only showed proof of her research, but preparation. That is the key trait that I had seen in her, which was quite ironic since she said that it was her weakness. My favorite phrase that she used throughout the seminar and what I know I’ll definitely pass along is â€Å"Don’t fake it till you make it. Fake it until you become it. †

Compare the Neo-Freudian Theories of Personality to Freudian Psychoanalysis

The hypothesis that personality characteristics directly influence physical health is a big part in health psychology and related fields (Smith, 2013). This information is often not dealt with completely when dealing with the insufficient attention to personality measurement. The ideal is that submission is a somewhat healthier stance than that of a dominate personality. The fear of rejections, negative evaluations and social anxieties are inversely associated with dominance.So the studies on dominance provide statistically significant disconfirming evidence regarding interpersonal sensitivity and cardiovascular disease. This information has been presented in a clear conceptual model of potentially important personality traits related to health (Smith, 2013). There is no substantial evidence that there is interpersonal sensitivity predicts the infectious diseases or cardiovascular disease. There is many concerns about the positives and negatives of this study due to the potential of convincing individuals that they have no control in their own health.The main purpose of this kind of study is to provide for useful tools. There is a certain amount of reading that is to be considered to be a potential issue as to if the personality characteristics directly influence the health of a person. A discussion on animal research is related to some of the hypothesis. In these studies a widely cited animal research is that in social behavior provide further evidence that dominance can promote cardiovascular disease. In male monkeys, the dominate male is put under a great deal of stress to deal with the whole group.There are also studies that prove the difference that being submissive in personality is a way to gain more cardiovascular disease. Personality implications of adaption-innovation: v. birth order as a determination of cognitive style. The first born child is the personality type that is the child the parents learn with and from. This is the child that generally is the obedient child and is readily available to mind their parents. This particular study deals with the birth order in the cognitive abilities of the child as well as the way to solve problems by doing things differently or breaking paradigms.When there is left brain domination then the planned approach relates to the adaption, and the right brain dominated individuals relates to innovation. The general belief is that Kirton believes that an individual’s position on the dimension of adaptation-innovation is determined by genetic component. These traits in first born children are conforming, efficient, and disciplined (Skinner & Fox-Francoeur, 2010). These individuals tend to reject new ideas, especially when the ideal is something that has been tried and true for a substantial amount of time.The adaptation tends to be in the first born and the innovation tends to be with the later born of children. Direct and Indirect effects of Birth order on personality and Identity: Suppo rt for the null Hypothesis The hypothesis is that the proposed birth order affects the psychological outcomes through the different investments between the parents and the children and the differences in the identification from between the parent to the child (Dunkel, Harbke, & Papini, 2009).The difference is that the hypothesis of the birth order is not simply the psychological effect of the birth order, but it is the amount of everything that the parent invests in the child that bonds the child to the parent. This also causes different types of psychological development of these children. The understanding is that the first born child will more try to attempt to win favor with the parent by identifying with the parent and then the differential investments with the other children that will not be as anxious to identify with the parents.There are generally five accepted traits of a first born child are more conscientious, extroverted, and possibly neurotic while being less open and agreeable (Dunkel, Harbke, & Papini, 2009). Birth order or the psychological effects of birth order is not always straightforward in the findings and understandings. There are always changes made when determining the psychological effect of birth order with other changes in the child’s life such as divorce, step-siblings, half siblings, adopted siblings and spacing between siblings that would change the dynamics of the whole birth order process.There are other factors that have to be considered in this process is that the age of the parents, education level which are both in direct relation to the maternal issues of the parents which are put upon the child. Also the full model is where the psychological effect is up to the parent’s investment and identification. The evaluation of the data is in several steps. First the information is dealing with the participant’s age, gender, and parental education.Then the next is the evaluation of the maternal age as a potent ial moderator of the relation between birth order on personality information (). Then the evaluation of closeness, rejection and identification as potential mediators in how the birth order influences personality hypothesized (Dunkel, Harbke, & Papini, 2009). The determination of the age, gender and parental education is that is unlikely to influence the behaviors and psychological addressing of the closeness, rejection or identification of the children.The closest degree of relationship is dealing with the first born and the maternal age. The indirect effects on personality and identity and there is a direct absence between birth order and any of the personality or identity. With the findings of the instance is that the children find the niche in the family with the parents ability and investment in the child from birth order to personality and identify formation. This information was stating that the psychological effects are not directly related to the birth order or the mediator that is the closeness or rejection from the mother.The potential outcomes the more sensitive the family dynamics it is reasonable to conclude that birth order is of little importance in predicting individual differences in personality and identity (). The effects of birth order on personality traits and feelings of academic sibling rivalry have been documented with the connection to birth order and personality; however, there are still controversies over the types investigated. The first born child was the birth order contributed to why children with the same family have different personalities.When handled appropriately the first born child can be responsible and even a protective person. When handled inappropriately the first born child could end up with criminalist type tendencies and very neurotic in their behaviors. The child that is always trying to play catch up with the eldest child is more likely to become neurotic. The first born child generally takes the parental role as the surrogate parent to their siblings, where the later of the children generally take new interests and activities within the family to prove that they are worthy of attention.There are three different kinds of personality traits that are dealt with when dealing with birth order and that is social, academic and physical. Sibling rivalry does not usually decrease with age spacing, number of parent’s numbers or sibling within the family and the ability to develop strategies and support for children suffers with sibling rivalries (Badger & Reddy, 2009). The academic scores between the lastborn participants are tat scoring is higher than last born participants. The second is the conscientiousness scores was the first born were significantly different than that of the last born.Then the differences in the openness to Experience and Agreeableness the last born participants scored higher than that of the first born child. Preliminary analyses show the main difference in the birth order and conscientiousness with firstborn children having higher levels of higher conscientiousness. The last children are more likely to experience the feeling of inadequacy compared to the eldest child (Badger & Reddy, 2009). The issue with the last born experiencing more academic rivalry may be explained that the youngest siblings were more likely to feel inadequate.There has been much discussion about the damage that is done by sibling rivalry that concerns issues all the way from resentment, to no harm, to serious harm between siblings. The discussion is ongoing to determine if the birth order does actually have a considerable impact on the continued sibling rivalry. Research suggests that birth order does influence various personality traits that are continuous, such as conscientiousness, openness to new experience and agreeableness but there is much debate about sibling rivalry.Introduction to the Commentaries and Online Forum of Personality Disorders: Theory, Research and T reatment Research on personality disorders has a long history of clinical and theoretical literature on the pathogenesis and treatment of personality disorders. This area has seen a large increase in this area leading to understanding of the nature, course, correlates and consequences of personality broadly (Krueger, 2010). The research has lead to a better understanding and treatment of the personality disorders.Narcissism is a dimensional trait should be used to help propel the research of personality disorders. The personal inflammation of the worth of oneself, power, prestige and vanity is the personality disorder that is gives the unearned sense of entitlement. These individuals have the belief that they should have extreme attention from others and have an extreme lack of empathy for others. The understanding of these personality disorders also assists with the potential of prevention and intervention programs to deal with the personality disorders (Krueger, 2010).With the pra ctice and realization of the different types of personality disorders there are more opportunities to work between the clinical researchers, and clinicians to maintain a dialogs to increase the understanding and treatment of these disorders. The ability to create the dialog between the clinicians and the clinical researchers that will highlight some unanswered questions that will help to work toward questions that need to be addressed in the research. The publishing of the information that is gathered would assist in helping and giving relief to the individuals that suffers of these personality disorders.

The Chemical Composition of Rubbing Alcohol

The Chemical Composition of Rubbing Alcohol One of the types of alcohol you can buy over the counter is rubbing alcohol, which is used for disinfection and may be applied to the skin to produce a cooling effect. Do you know the chemical composition of rubbing alcohol? It is a mixture of denatured alcohol, water, and agents added to make the alcohol unpalatable to drink. It may also include colorants. There are two common types of rubbing alcohol. Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol Most rubbing alcohol is made from isopropyl alcohol or isopropanol in water. It is common to find isopropyl rubbing alcohol at concentrations from 68% alcohol in water up to 99% alcohol in water. The 70% rubbing alcohol is highly effective as a disinfectant. Additives make this alcohol bitter-tasting, to try to prevent people from drinking it. Isopropyl alcohol is toxic, in part because the body metabolizes it into acetone. Drinking this alcohol can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, central nervous system depression, organ damage, and potentially coma or death. Ethyl Alcohol Rubbing Alcohol The other type of rubbing alcohol consists of 97.5-100% denatured ethyl alcohol or ethanol with water. Ethyl alcohol is naturally less toxic than isopropyl alcohol. In fact, it is the alcohol that naturally occurs in wine, beer, and other alcoholic beverages. However, the alcohol is denatured or made undrinkable in rubbing alcohol, both to control its use as an intoxicant and because the alcohol has not been purified to make it safe to drink. In fact, in the US, additives make it as toxic as isopropyl alcohol. Rubbing Alcohol in the UK In the United Kingdom, rubbing alcohol goes by the name surgical spirit. The formulation consists of a mixture of ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. Rubbing Alcohol in the US In the United States, rubbing alcohol made using ethanol must conform to Formula 23-H, which specifies it consists of 100 parts by volume of ethyl alcohol, 8 parts by volume of acetone, and 1.5 parts by volume of methyl isobutyl ketone (MSDS sheet). The remainder of the composition includes water and denaturants and may include colorants and perfume oils. Rubbing alcohol made using isopropanol is regulated to contains at least 355 mg of sucrose octaacetate (MSDS sheet) and 1.40 mg of denatonium benzoate per 100 ml volume. Isopropyl rubbing alcohol also contains water, stabilizer and may contain colorants. Rubbing Alcohol Toxicity All rubbing alcohol manufactured in the US is toxic to ingest or  inhale and can cause excessively dry skin if used often. In fact, if you read the product label, youll see there is a warning against most of the common uses of rubbing alcohol. All types of rubbing alcohol, regardless of their country of origin, are flammable. Formulations closer to 70% are less likely to catch fire than rubbing alcohol that contains a higher percentage of alcohol.

Motivation.learners are motivational Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Motivation.learners are motivational - Essay Example earchers have shown that learner’s attribution of success and failures is an essential part of whether the learner will attempt, complete and repeat activities. Therefore, most motivational issues of Jake can be addressed by these theories of the Bandura’s social cognitive theory, and attribution theory. Self efficacy impact the choice of activities. Self-efficacious students readily undertake challenging and difficult tasks more readily than do inefficacious students. (Bandura & Schunk, 1981). It is possible that Jake held a low sense of efficacy for acquiring cognitive skills that attempted him to avoid boring tasks, whereas if he judged himself more efficaciously, he should have participated more eagerly. Self-efficacy can also influence motivation. Students with high sense of efficacy for learning should expend greater effort and persist longer when they encounter difficult tasks than those who doubt their capabilities (1981). Therefore, Jake‘s lack of motivation and low effort to take challenging and difficult tasks can be associated with his low self efficacy. Efficacy and outcome expectancy are closely related; students who perceive themselves as capable of performing well expect successful performances, which in turn promote self-efficacy. Therefore, Jake’s low efficacy influenced his outcome expectancy and performance during his new school year. Also, poor performance in turn, results to low efficiency. In addition, Jake’s lack of motivation can be demonstrated according to attribution theory. Learners who have perceptions of ability in failure are likely to assume that performance is not in their control. Therefore, Jake’s negative attributional style (attributing failure to ability) contributed to his lack of motivation in engaging in difficult tasks, and developing skills. In Addition, learners negative attribution responses are related to inferior use of strategies (Schrieber,2006). Without high self efficacy and the tendency to

Risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk management - Essay Example This report will focus on the different types of yield curves and how changes in the slope of yield curve impacts the future prospects of the economy. Further, it will also take into consideration the effectiveness of monetary policy responses in the time of financial crisis and how those responses have affected the shape of the yield curve. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Task 1: To Examine the Types of Yield Curve 4 Task 2: Impact of Yield Curve on Future Economic Prospect 6 Task 3: Effectiveness of Monetary Policy 9 Task 4: Implication for Investor and Policy makers 10 Conclusion 10 Appendices 11 Reference 13 Introduction A yield curve is referred to the graphical representation of the relationship among the yield on a group of securities for different maturities. It explains how interest rates differ with the term to maturity (Burton, Burton and Nesiba, 2010, p.115). The yield curve has too much information about the economic conditions an d the future interest rates. In U.S. the benchmark interest rate last recorded was at 0.25%. Federal Reserve reports the interest rates in U.S. Historically, from 1971 to 2013, the interest rate of U.S. averaged 6.17 % and recorded a high of 20% in March 1980 and a low of 0.25% in December 2008. Interest rate changes depend not only on what Federal Reserve does today or next year but also on perception of the people about the goals and reliability of the monetary authority. In U.S. the monetary policy is determined by the Federal Reserve. The goals and the associated expectations depends on the arrangement of the monetary policy (Haubrich, 2004, p.1). The yield curve is used by the investors to understand the future prospects of economic activities. Task 1: To Examine the Types of Yield Curve The structure of interest rates can be characterized by a graph which shows the relationship between the yields to maturity as a function of term to maturity. Such a graph is termed as yield cu rve. There are four different types of yield curve for U.S. Treasury securities such as normal yield curve or upward sloping yield curve, inverted yield curve or downward sloping yield curve, flat yield curve and humped yield curve. There are two theories which are used to explain the shapes of yield curves. The pure expectation theory reflects the current expectation of the future rates of the market and the market segmentation theory signifies that the shape of yield curve is established by demand for and supply of securities within each maturity sector. In normal yield curve long term rates are high in position than short term rates. The securities with longest maturity provide the highest returns and the shortest maturity securities provide lowest returns. Generally it is upward sloping. The normal yield curve signifies the normal conditions of the capital markets. It presents the borrowers with the risk-return trade-off (Droms and Wright, 2010, pp.144-145). It entails that the investors of the U.S. expect growth in the economy in the future and for this growth to lead to higher interest rates and higher inflation. They don’t purchase longer term securities without receiving a higher interest r